·PAR@ ` óTEXT ` öCrandall, Ella Phillips1871╨1938nurseBorn on September 16, 1871, in Wellsville, New York, Ella Crandall grew up in Dayton, Ohio. She graduated from the two-year course at the Philadelphia General Hospital School of Nursing in 1897 and two years later returned to Dayton as assistant superintendent of the Miami Valley Hospital and director of its newly founded school of nursing. Her outstanding work there earned her a position of influence within the Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses. In 1909 she moved to New York City, entered the New York School of Philanthropy, and for a year served as a superintendent in the visiting nurse service of Lillian Wald╒s Henry Street Settlement House. In 1910╨1912 she was on the graduate nursing faculty of Teachers College, Columbia University. In 1911 she served on a commission established to study the need for organized public health work and the developing and still undefined role of nurses in the field. From the commission╒s work emerged in 1912 the National Organization for Public Health Nursing, of which Ella Crandall became executive secretary. Until her resignation eight years later she labored indefatigably to develop public health nursing into a recognized profession with high professional standards and rigorous training. To keep in contact with the hundreds of individual nurses engaged, often as not in isolation, in public health work from city slums to mountain fastnesses required constant travel on her part. Her forceful leadership, expressed personally in her travels and frequent addresses as well as through the organization╒s journal Public Health Nurse (later Public Health Nursing) succeeded in giving coherence and standing to the profession. During World War I Crandall served also on the nursing committee of the American Red Cross and as executive secretary of the National Emergency Committee on Nursing of the General Medical Board of the Council of National Defense. After her resignation as head of the Public Health Nursing organization in 1920 she continued to be active on committees involved in various aspects of public health and in 1922╨1925 was associate director of the American Child Health Association. In 1927 she was named executive secretary of the newly established Payne Fund, a philanthropic foundation sponsoring research in education. She held the post until her death in New York City on October 24, 1938. &styl ` ! ¬ 5¬ " 5¬ ) !I ú !I ▐ » !I 3 5¬ 4 !I l !I !I ç !I £ !I ▐ 5¬ ▀ !I link ` HYPR ú »
